Analisis Daya Saing Ekspor Udang Indonesia di Pasar Amerika Serikat, Republik Dominika, dan Kanada Periode 2016-2025

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Diterbitkan: 2026-10-02
Kata Kunci:
Daya Saing, Ekspor Udang, RSCA, ECI, EPD, Porter's Diamond Model

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Fauzan Arifiyanto
Universitas Padjadjaran image/svg+xml
Dr. Eva Ervani, S.E., M.Si.

Abstrak

Dinamika perdagangan internasional menuntut Indonesia untuk mengoptimalkan potensi ekspor komoditas perikanan unggulan guna memperkuat ekonomi nasional di pasar global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan tingkat daya saing ekspor udang Indonesia di pasar Amerika Serikat, Republik Dominika, dan Kanada selama periode 2016-2025. Objek utama dalam penelitian ini adalah komoditas udang dengan kode HS 030617 asal Indonesia yang dipasarkan ke tiga negara tujuan di kawasan besar Amerika Utara. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui metode Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), Export Competitiveness Index (ECI), Export Product Dynamic (EPD), serta analisis deskriptif Porter’s Diamond Model. Hasil perhitungan indeks RSCA mengungkapkan bahwa ekspor udang Indonesia memiliki keunggulan komparatif kuat yang konsisten di ketiga pasar dalam 10 tahun terakhir (RSCA>0). Hasil indeks ECI mengungkapkan bahwa dominasi keunggulan kompetitif kuat sebesar 53% (ECI>1), sedangkan 47% sisanya memiliki keunggulan kompetitif yang lemah dalam rentang (ECI<0). Hasil indeks EPD mengungkapkan bahwa posisi pasar Lost Opportunity di pasar Amerika Serikat dan Republik Dominika  serta Rising Star di pasar Kanada. Hasil indeks Porter’s Diamond Model mengungkapkan bahwa secara ekosistem inovasi dan peningkatan berkelanjutan masih dinilai belum optimal untuk disebut memiliki keunggulan kompetitif yang kokoh. Kesimpulannya, penguatan daya saing memerlukan strategi diversifikasi produk, peningkatan sertifikasi mutu pangan, serta pemanfaatan perjanjian kemitraan ekonomi untuk mempertahankan serta meningkatkan daya saing ekspor udang Indonesia.

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Vol 1 No 02 (2026): February Edition

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Biografi Penulis

Fauzan Arifiyanto, Universitas Padjadjaran

Mahasiswa Program Studi Bisnis Internasional, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Dr. Eva Ervani, S.E., M.Si.

Ketua Program Studi Ekonomi Islam, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia

Cara Mengutip

Arifiyanto, F., & Ervani, E. (2026). Analisis Daya Saing Ekspor Udang Indonesia di Pasar Amerika Serikat, Republik Dominika, dan Kanada Periode 2016-2025. Andalan Journal of Economics and Business, 1(02), 31-49. https://journal.andalanpublisher.id/index.php/AJEB/article/view/71

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